Europe’s 7-nation crude imports totaled 2.835 MMb/d in Aug 2026: Germany alone accounted for 54% (1,529 kb/d), while the other six nations made up just 46%. Germany’s refinery input (1,490 kb/d) exceeded its imports by 41 kb/d—filled via inventory draw and re-exports. Italy’s input (1,379 kb/d) surpassed imports (1,225 kb/d) by 154 kb/d, covered by stock drawdown and intra-EU flows. Brent flat at $98.29; EUR/USD fell to 1.1162, lifting euro-zone import cost by 3.2% in CNY terms.