Germany imported 1,529 kb/d of crude in Aug 2026 — 2.3× UK’s 666 kb/d; Italy’s refinery input (1,379 kb/d) exceeded its imports (1,225 kb/d); Netherlands’ crude inventory stood at 33,357 kb — just 27% of the average of Germany, France, Spain and Italy. Mandeb Strait AIS visibility: 13 vessels/day (vs. 17 normal); Bosporus: 16 vs. 24 — both reflect signal coverage, not trade collapse.